Electric-arc lamp.



Patented Aug. l5, |899.

C. J.'TUERR|NG.

ELECTRIC Anc LAMP.

(Applicaticn filed Nov. 5, 1898.)

(No Model.)

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

CHRISTIAN J. TOERRING, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

ELECTRIC-ARC LAM P.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 631,055, dated August 15, 1899.

Application filed November 5, 1898. Serial No. 695,588. (No model.)

.To all whom t may concern:

Be itknown that I, CHRISTIAN J. TOERRING, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Philadelphia, in the county of Philadelphia and State of Pennsylvania, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in Arc- Lamps, of which the following is a specification.

The primary object of my invention is to produce an arc-lamp in which the temperature of the arc-inclosure is above that attained by lamps now on the market and shall be as high as possible. This I do by making the arc-inclosure of a transparent part, the heatradiating surface of which shall be as small as possible,and of a heat-retaining part, which is composed of a no neheat-conducting structure or material. My invention in this respect is an improvement on that of my Patent No. 585,603, dated June 29, 1897; but in the present invention instead of passing the upper carbon through a closely-fitting opening in the upper part of the arceinclosure, as was done in the lamp of said patent, which construction will necessarily permit the leakage 0f some air at the upper part of the inclosure, where such leakage is undesirable, I now construct the upper non-heat-conducting part of the arc-inclosure so as to completely surround and inclose the upper-carbon pencil and a portion of the lamp-operating mechanism, by which expedient I attain a con* struction in which there is no air leakage at the top of the inclosure, which fact, combined with the heavy mass of non-heat-conducting material comprising the upper part of the arcinclosure, which I am enabled to use and which is preferably, though not necessarily, coextensive with the upper part of the inclosure, permits the attainment of a very high temperature of the inclosed gases. This temperature may be increased by embedding a resistance-wire in the non-heat-conducting material forming a part of the upper part of the arc inclosure. The construction thus outlined prevents leakage of the air at the upper and lower parts of the arc-inclosure and permits a small leakage only at the joint between these parts. I have found that the attempt to make an arc-inclosure completely air-tight is false in theory, since it results disadvantageously in blackening the globe and otherwise. The feature to be aimed at is rather the highest possible temperature of the gases contained in the inclosure than its absolutely air-tight character. The ingress of a very small quantity of air at points where it will not materially interfere with the temperature of the inclosed gases I have found benelicial, the best results being obtained with a globe closed at all points except at some point between the top and bottom of the inclosure. Another feature of my invention relates to the use of a device for conveying current to the carbon, which is in the form of a clutch and is arranged to be in immovable contact with the carbon at those moments when the feeding and Currentcarrying clutch is out of touch therewith, so that current may at all times be conveyed to the carbon pencil at a point near the arc, whatever be the position of the feeding-clutch.

The drawing represents a longitudinal crosssection of a lamp embodying my invention.

The upper portion of the arc-inclosure consists of a tube 8, surrounded by a heavy coating of non-heat-conducting material 12,which may in turn be protected by an outer tube or casing 10, having an extended plate 101 at the bottom. The tube 3 is air-tight at the top, being closed by the cylinder of a dash-pot S, of ordinary construction, and at the bottom has secured to it in any convenient manner an iron plate 13. To the upper face of the cylinder of the dash-pot 8 is secured a block 18 by means of a screw 21. The outer edge of this block is threaded onto the outer tube or casing 10, as shown. A piece of non-heat conducting material 2O may be interposed between the block 18 and the dash-pot, so as to confine all the conduction of heat from the inside tube 3 to the outside casing to the narrow path through the screw 21. Since, how ever, the touching metal surfaces are small, this is not strictly necessary. It is plain from this description that the upper portion of the arc-inclosure is especially adapted to prevent the escape of heat and thus to keep the temperature of the gases confined therein at a maximum. This I therefore call the heatretaining portion of the arc-inclosure.

Vithin the tube 3 slides a tube 4, within which the carbon pencil moves, the upper end of the pencil being pushed into a split tube 6,

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which constitutes its holder. The upper end of the tube t is attached to the piston of the dash-pot 8. Around the tube at a point corresponding to an enlargement of the tube 3 is secured an armature 2, which is within the iield of force of a solenoid 1 and is actuated thereby. A metal bushing 9 surrounds the tube 4 above its lower end. This bushing tends to guide the tube and also to convey some current to it. The joint between the bushing and tube need not be air-tight, but is sufiiciently close te prevent the passing of dust into the upper chamber. To an extension from the lower end ofthe tubel is linked a ring or other clutch i0, surrounding the carbon and resting on a bed-or stop i0, fastened te a bracket 7, depending from the plate 13.

The negative carbon -holder 1G passes through the plates 13 and 101 and is insulated therefrom in any suitable manner.

Current passes into the lamp through the conductor 60, down to a sliding conductingring 61, thence through the resistance-wire 17, coiled on the outside of the tube 10, to the resisting-wire 11, embedded in the insulation 12, thence into the solenoid 1, and to the inner tube 3, from which it passes, by way of the bushing 9 and the clutches, to the positive carbon, thence to the negative carbon, and out of the lamp in a manner not necessary to show. The action of starting the arc and of feeding the upper carbon by means of movements conveyed to the tube '-t through the armature 2 and Ithence to the ring-clutch LLO is well understood and need not be further described.

The lower portion of the are-inclosure 11, which is of transparent material, is made, as will be seen, with as small a heat-radiating surface as possible. Its upper edge abuts against the plate 1S, the joint between the globe 14; and the plate 13 constituting Ithe only place where air may possibly leak into the globe. As before stated, it is necessary for a little air to leak into the arc-inclosure, and the point here selected I have found best adapted for the purpose, especially when the inclosure is completely air-tight at all other points. I also provide an outer protecting and ornamental casing,whieh carries the outer globe at its lower end. This need not be further described than to say that brackets are secured to the tube or casing 10,011 which the sections of the outer casing 71 are mounted. A ring 72, carried by a canopy 73 and carrying screws 7i, serves to hold the outer globe in place. The top of the outer `globe, it will be noticed, is above the top of the inner inclosure 1a. The hood 190 is held in place by the screw-plug 19.

I may new describe the curren t-feeding clutch devices which I employ. Then the current is fed to the lower end of the carbon pencil through the feeding-clutch, it is plain that at the moment when the carbon is slipping through the clutch or when the clutch is moving with relation to the carbon preparatoryto taking hold to strike the arc considerable arcing must result from this relative motion of the clutching-surface, which is at the same time a current-carrying surface, and the carbon. To obviate this dii'liculty, I einploy a second current-carrying device so constructed as to have an immovable contact with the carbon at all times when the contacting surface of the feeding-clutch is moving with reference to the carbon.

To the plate 13, which is charged with current during the operation of the lamp, I secure a bracket 5, carrying a lever t3, to which is secured a link 42, on which is pivoted a current carrying or feeding plate 41. A stop eti is carried by the tube 4 and acts upon the lever rIhe feed-plate i1 has an extension to the left, as shown, for the purpose of normally giving the plate a tilt and securing an instantaneous grip at the proper time. The operation of these devices is as follows: r1`he armature 2 raises one end of the clutch IO until it has iirmly gripped the carbon. The stop #it has also been raised during this time, but does not come in contact with the lever until the ring-clutch 10 has obtained its grip. In consequence during this period current is conveyed to the carbon by the part lil., which has no movement relative to the carbon during this time, and therefore causes no arcing. The tube -t is new drawn still farther up, striking the arc. The clutch '-,LO has a tight grip of the carbon, and therefore the plate il may new be moved with relation thereto without causing arcing. This is done by the stop (52. On account of the leverage the plate 41 is raised te a greaterI extent than the clutch i0. Vhen, therefore, the are grows teo long, and the tube i falls, allowing the clutch et() to be disengaged from the carbon by action of the clutch-plate i6 and the carbon to feed the current carrying a feeding plate il, has a distance downward through which it may move without moving relatively to the carbon, to make up for the amount of carbon consumed-that is, for the amount of feed. Thus at all points ot' the carbon-feed areing is prevented.

That I claim isl. An arc-inclosure having a light-transmitting portion and a heat-retaining portion of non-heat-condueting material or structure shaped to inclose the top of the upper electrode, substantially as described.

2. An arc-inclosure having a light-transmitting portion closed at the bottoni and a heat-retaining portion closed substantially air-tight at the top and shaped to inclose the carbon pencil, thel joint between these portions permitting the passage of a minute quantity of air, substantially as described.

3. An arc-inclosure having a light-transmitting portion, practically air-tight at the bottom and a heat-retaining portion of nonheat-conducting material closed at the top and shaped to inclose the top of the upper carbon pencil, substantially as described.

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4. An arc-inclosure having a light-transmitting portion and a heat-retaining portion closed substantially air-tight at the top and shaped to inclose the carbon pencil,and means for permitting the ingress of a minute quantity of air located between the top and bottom of the inclosure, substantially as described.

5. An arc-iuclosure having a light-transmitting portion, and a heat-retaining portion of non-lieat-condncting material, shaped to iuclose the top of a carbon-carrying tube moving therein, substantially as described.

6. An arc-inclosure having allight-transmitting portion, and a heat-retaining portion closed air-tight at the top and consisting of a tube and a coating of non-heat-conducting material, substantially as described.

7. An arc-inclosure having a light-transmitting portion and a heat-retaining portion consisting of a cylinder of non-heat-conducting material, a dash-pot at the` top thereof, a carbon-cari1 7ing tube therein and a carbonfeeding device carried by the tube, substantially as described.

S. An arc-inclosure composed of a lighttransmitting portion and a heat-'retaining portion having a current-carrying resistancewire, substantially as described.

0. An arc-inclosure having a light-transmitting portion and a heat-retaining portion oi. non-heat-conducting material havinga resistance-wire embedded therein,substantially as described.

10. An arc-inclosure havinga heat-retaining portion closed substantially air-tight at the top and ending in a base-plate and a lighttransmitting portion closed substantially airtight at the bottom and abutting against the base-plate to make a leak-j oin t, substantially as described.

11. An arc-inclosure having a light-transmitting portion and a heat-retaining portion of non-heat-conducting structure or material shaped to include a carbon-carrying tube, said tube, and a carbon-feeding device carried by the tube and actuated by a coil outside the inclosure, substantially as described.

12. An arc-inclosure consisting of a cylinder oi non-lieat-conducting material, a solenoid surrounding `the cylinder, a carbon-carrying tube moving within the cylinder, an armature and feeding devices on the tube and alight-transmitting inclosure for the arc, substantially as described.

13. An arc-inclosure composed of a substantially cylindrical metal tube closed air-tight at the top and a coating of non-heat-conducting material surrounding the tube in a manner to offer no substantial path for the conduction of heat from the inside to the outside of the inclosure.

121-. An arc-inclosure consisting of a lighttransmitting portion with a small heat-radiating surface, and a heat-retaining portion of non-heat-conducting structure or material shaped to inclose the top of the carbon pencil and to prevent the passage of heat from the inside both by conduction and radiation, substantially as described.

15. An arc-inclosure consisting of a lighttransmitting portion and a heat-retaining portion composed of two substantially disconnected tubes and a layer of non-heat-conducting material between them, substantially as described.

16. The combination of a carbon-feeding device, a current-carrying device and intermediate mechanism arranged to maintain an immovable relative contact of the currentcarrying device with the carbon when the feeding device is changing its hold, substantially as described.

17. The combination of a carbon-feeding device, a current-carrying device and mechanism arranged to give an immovable relative contact between the current-carrying device and the carbon when the feeding device is preparing to strike the are, substantially as described.

18. The combination of a carbon-feeding device, a movable current-carrying device and a stop timed to change the point of contact of the same with the carbon after the feeding device has taken its grip, substantially as described.- A

19. The combination of a carbon-feeding device, a movable current-carrying device and motion-multiplying mechanism causing a contact of the same with the carbon at a point sufiiciently high to make up for the motion of the feed, substantially as described.

20. The combination of a clutch, a currentfeeding device mounted from a lever and a stop moving with the clutch and timed to act on the lever after the clutch has gripped, substantially as described.

21. The combination of the electrodes of an electric-arc lamp and an arc-inclosing envelop therefor, said envelop being made in two readily-separable parts air-tight except for the joint between the parts, the upper part shaped to inclose the electrode, the joint between said parts beinglocated between the top and bottom of said envelop, said joint adapted to allow the admission of a limited amount of air to the interior ot' the envelop, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof l have signed my naine to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

CHRISTIAN J. TOERRING.

Witnesses:

HELENE KUNZE, liun'wie KUNZE.

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